Bitandukanye n’ibindi bikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga nk’imashini ifata amajwi (phonograph) cyangwa agapfukamunwa (safety pin), internet nta muntu umwe wayivumbuye. Ahubwo yagiye itera imbere buhoro buhoro mu myaka myinshi. Internet yatangiriye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1960 nk’uburyo bwo kwirinda mu rwego rwa gisirikare mu gihe cy’Intambara y’Ubutita (Cold War).
Mu myaka myinshi, abashakashatsi n’abahanga mu bya siyansi bayikoresheje mu guhanahana amakuru no gusangira ubushakashatsi. Muri iki gihe, internet ikoreshwa hafi muri buri kintu cyose, kandi abantu benshi ntibatekereza uko ubuzima bwabo bwagenda idahari.Ku wa 4 Ukwakira 1957, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti (Soviet Union) zohereje mu isanzure satelite ya mbere yigeze ikorwa n’umuntu, yiswe Sputnik.
Nubwo Sputnik yakoraga ibintu bike gusa, yoherezaga ibimenyetso bya radiyo mu gihe yazengurukaga Isi. Ku Banyamerika benshi, kuba iyi satelite yari imeze nk’umupira wo ku mucanga ariko ikaba yarageze mu kirere byagaragazaga ikintu gikomeye: mu gihe ubukungu bwa Amerika bwari butera imbere kandi ikoranabuhanga ry’abaguzi rigakomeza gutera imbere, Abasoviyeti bo bari baribanze ku guhugura abahanga mu bya siyansi.
Ibi byatumye benshi batekereza ko bashobora gutsinda Isiganwa ryo Kugera mu Kirere (Space Race) ndetse n’Intambara y’Ubutita.Mu mwaka wa 2023, hafi bibiri bya gatatu by’abatuye isi basaga miliyari 8 bakoreshaga internet.
Nyuma yo kohereza Sputnik, Abanyamerika batangiye gufata siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga nk’ibintu by’ingenzi cyane. Amashuri yatangiye kwigisha cyane amasomo nka chimie, physics na calculus. Kaminuza n’ibigo byigenga byahawe inkunga na Leta kugira ngo bishyire amafaranga mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga.
Leta ya Amerika na yo yashinze inzego nshya zirimo NASA n’Ikigo cya Minisiteri y’Ingabo cyitwaga ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency), kugira ngo biteze imbere ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry’icyo gihe harimo roketi, intwaro na mudasobwa.Abahanga mu bya siyansi n’abasirikare bari bafite impungenge ko igitero cy’Abasoviyeti cyashoboraga gusenya umuyoboro wa telefone wa Amerika.
Batekerezaga ko missile imwe gusa yashoboraga gusenya insinga n’imiyoboro yose yakoreshwaga mu itumanaho ryo kure.Mu 1962, umuhanga wa ARPA witwaga J.C.R. Licklider yatanze igitekerezo cyo gukora umuyoboro munini wa mudasobwa washoboraga gutuma mudasobwa zivugana hagati yazo. Yawise “Intergalactic Network”.
Uyu muyoboro wari gutuma abayobozi ba Leta bakomeza kuvugana nubwo umuyoboro wa telefone waba warasenywe n’umwanzi.Mu 1965, umuhanga w’Umwongereza witwaga Donald Davies wakoreraga National Physical Laboratory yavumbuye uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru hagati ya mudasobwa yise “Packet Switching”.
Packet Switching ni uburyo bwo kugabanya amakuru mo uduce duto twitwa packets mbere yo kuyohereza. Bityo buri packet ikagenda inyura inzira yayo kugeza igeze aho igomba kugera.Iyo ubu buryo butabaho, ARPAnet yari kuba ifite intege nke nk’iza telefone zisanzwe.
Ku wa 29 Ukwakira 1969, ARPAnet yohereje ubutumwa bwa mbere hagati ya mudasobwa ebyiri.Mudasobwa ya mbere yari muri laboratwari ya UCLA, iya kabiri iri muri Kaminuza ya Stanford. Buri mudasobwa yari nini ku buryo yanganaga n’icyumba cyose.Ubutumwa bwari ijambo “LOGIN”.Ariko nubwo bwari bugufi, bwahise butera ikibazo muri ARPAnet. Mudasobwa ya Stanford yakiriye inyuguti ebyiri gusa za mbere: “LO”, mbere y’uko sisitemu ihagarara gukora.
Mu mpera za 1969, mudasobwa enye gusa ni zo zari zifitanye isano muri ARPAnet.Mu myaka ya 1970, uwo muyoboro watangiye kwaguka cyane.Mu 1972, hiyongereyeho ALOHAnet yo muri Kaminuza ya Hawaii.Mu 1973, hiyongereyeho imiyoboro ya University College London mu Bwongereza ndetse na Norwegian Seismic Array muri Noruveje.
Ariko uko imiyoboro myinshi ya mudasobwa yagendaga ivuka, byarushagaho kugorana kuyihuza ngo ikore internet imwe ku rwego rw’isi.Mu hagati ya 1970, umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa witwaga Vinton Cerf yatangiye gushaka igisubizo.Yavumbuye uburyo bwafashaga mudasobwa zose zo mu miyoboro itandukanye kuvugana.Yise ubu buryo Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
Nyuma yaje kongeraho indi gahunda yitwa Internet Protocol (IP).Izi gahunda zombi ni zo tuzi uyu munsi nka TCP/IP.Abahanga bavuga ko TCP/IP ari nk'”guhana ikiganza” hagati ya mudasobwa zitandukanye kugira ngo zimenyane kandi zibashe guhanahana amakuru.TCP/IP yahinduye internet iba umuyoboro mpuzamahanga.Mu myaka ya 1980, internet yakoreshwaga cyane n’abashakashatsi n’abahanga mu bya siyansi mu koherezanya dosiye n’amakuru.
Ariko mu 1991 habaye impinduka ikomeye.Muri uwo mwaka, umuporogaramu wakoreraga ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya CERN ku mupaka w’u Busuwisi n’u Bufaransa, witwaga Tim Berners-Lee, yerekanye ikoranabuhanga ryiswe World Wide Web (WWW).
Iri koranabuhanga ryatumye internet iba urubuga runini rw’amakuru ahujwe n’imiyoboro (links), aho umuntu uwo ari we wese ushobora kubona amakuru ari ku yindi mudasobwa aho ari hose ku isi.Ni we wakoze internet imeze nk’iyo tuzi uyu munsi.
Mu 1992, itsinda ry’abanyeshuri n’abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Illinois ryakoze browser yitwa Mosaic.Mosaic yatumye gukoresha internet byoroha cyane.Ku nshuro ya mbere, abantu bashoboraga kubona amagambo n’amashusho ku rupapuro rumwe kandi bakagenda hagati y’impapuro bakoresheje links bakandaho.Muri uwo mwaka kandi, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Amerika yemereye National Science Foundation guhuza internet yakoreshwaga mu bushakashatsi n’imiyoboro y’ubucuruzi.
Ibi byatumye ibigo byinshi bitangira gukora websites zabyo, ndetse n’abacuruzi batangira kugurisha ibicuruzwa kuri internet.Mu myaka ya 2000, amasosiyete nka Amazon na eBay yabaye ibihangange mu bucuruzi bwo kuri internet.
Mu myaka ya mbere ya 2000, imbuga nkoranyambaga nka Facebook, Twitter (X) na Instagram zatangiye kwamamara, zihindura uburyo abantu bavugana, bakora ndetse bagasangiza abandi ibikubiye mu buzima bwabo.Ahagana mu 2015, abantu benshi batangiye gukoresha internet bakoresheje smartphones kurusha mudasobwa zisanzwe.
Mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 2020, ibigo nka OpenAI, Google na Microsoft byatangiye gushyira ku mugaragaro sisitemu zigezweho z’ubwenge buhangano (Artificial Intelligence), zikomeza guhindura uburyo internet ikoreshwa ku isi yose.
