Mu gihugu cya Somalia, intambara zidashira zishingiye ku nyungu za politiki, idini, n’ubutaka zikomeje gukwira imishwaro abaturage b’inzirakarengane, zibatera guhunga amazu yabo no gusiga ibyabo byose inyuma. Imiryango itabara imbabare irimo iraburira ko ubukana bw’izi ntambara buteye impungenge zikomeye, cyane cyane mu bice byo hagati n’amajyepfo y’igihugu.

Kuva uyu mwaka wa 2025 watangira, abasaga ibihumbi 100 bamaze guhunga ingo zabo bitewe n’imirwano ikaze, gukorerwa ihohoterwa, ibitero by’inyeshyamba za Al-Shabaab ndetse no gutinya ko abana babo bashorwa mu bikorwa by’iterabwoba. Ibi byose byatumye hari amajyaruguru y’igihugu asigaye asa n’aho atakirimo abaturage, abandi bakihisha mu mashyamba no mu nkambi z’agateganyo zitagira n’aho baryama.

Abatuye mu gace ka Galmudug, Hirshabelle na Jubaland bavuga ko kuva mu kwezi kwa kane, ibintu byatangiye kurushaho kuba bibi ubwo imitwe yitwaje intwaro yongera gutera ibitero ku duce tw’abasivili, igasahura, igafata abagore ku ngufu ndetse ikanica abasaza n’abana batari banafite aho bahuriye n’ibibazo bya politiki. Ibyo bikorwa, nk’uko byemezwa n’abaturage n’imiryango mpuzamahanga, bikomeje gukorwa hagamijwe gutera ubwoba abaturage no kugabanya ubushake bwo kwifatanya na guverinoma cyangwa ingabo z’amahanga ziri mu butumwa bwo kugarura amahoro.

Bamwe mu bahunze bavuga ko bakijijwe no kwiruka nijoro bagana ahantu hataramenyekana, bagasiga byose harimo amatungo, imyaka, n’amazu bubatse imyaka myinshi. Umugore witwa Hawo Mohammed, w’imyaka 36, wahunganye n’abana batatu mu nkambi ya Doolow ku mupaka wa Kenya, yavuze ati: “Baje nijoro bafite imbunda n’imipanga, batwika inzu zacu, abandi baraturasa. Twirutse ntagikapu dufite, abana batagira inkweto… ubu nta kizere cy’ubuzima dufite.”

Ikindi kibazo gikomeye kivugwa ni ubushobozi buke bw’imiryango itabara impunzi n’abacitse ku icumu. Umuryango wita ku mpunzi (UNHCR) watangaje ko amafaranga yari agenewe gufasha abimukira muri Somalia ari munsi ya 30% by’ayari akenewe, bityo bigatuma hari abatabona amazi meza, ubuvuzi bwihuse, cyangwa ibiribwa bihagije. Abana barimo barwara indwara ziterwa n’umwanda nk’inzoka, impiswi, n’imirire mibi.

Iyi mikorere y’inyeshyamba yatumye kandi habaho igabanuka rikomeye ry’imfashanyo y’amahanga, kuko n’abagiraneza batinya kugera mu duce dufite umutekano muke. Raporo ya OCHA (Ibiro bya ONU bishinzwe imfashanyo y’ubutabazi) igaragaza ko abantu barenga miliyoni 3 bakeneye ubufasha bwihutirwa muri Somalia, harimo miliyoni imwe igizwe n’abana bato n’abagore batwite cyangwa bonsa.

Hari impungenge z’uko niba nta gikozwe vuba, ibintu bizarushaho kuba bibi kurushaho. Ikibazo cy’inzara n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe birushaho kongera umubare w’abantu bava mu byaro bajya gushakisha ubuzima mu mijyi, ariko nabo ntibahabona amahirwe yo kubaho neza. Aho bageze ntibahura n’umutekano ahubwo bahura n’ubukene bukabije, imisanzu y’ubugiraneza ihagaritse gutangwa, ndetse n’amahirwe yo kubona akazi aba ari ntayo.

Mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Nyakanga, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku bana (UNICEF) ryavuze ko abana basaga ibihumbi 500 bashobora kwicwa n’inzara, imirire mibi, cyangwa indwara zituruka ku mwanda niba imfashanyo idatanzwe vuba. Ibi byose biri kuba mu gihe isi ihugiye mu bibazo byayo bwite, birimo intambara yo muri Ukraine, ubushyamirane mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati n’ibura ry’ingengo y’imari mu bafatanyabikorwa.

Mu rwego rwo gukemura iki kibazo, leta ya Somalia yasabye amahanga kongera gutanga inkunga no gushyira igitutu ku bihugu bishobora kugoboka. Perezida wa Somalia, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, mu nama aherutse kugirana n’intumwa z’Ubumwe bw’Afurika, yavuze ko igihugu cye kiri mu bihe bikomeye. Ati: “Nidafatanya, tuzareba Somalia isenyuka burundu. Umutekano si ikibazo cya Somalia yonyine, ni ikibazo cy’akarere n’isi yose.”

Mu bice bya Bay na Bakool, haravugwa andi makimbirane hagati y’amoko ahanini ashingiye ku gushyamirana ku butaka no kurwanira amazi. Abaturage bo mu bwoko bwa Rahanweyn bagiye bahura n’ibitero bishingiye ku cyemezo cya bamwe cyo guha ubufasha ingabo za leta mu rugamba zo kurwanya Al-Shabaab. Ibi byatumye havuka ubwumvikane buke hagati y’amoko, ibintu bitera ibibazo mu karere kamaze imyaka isaga 20 kadatekanye neza.

Hari n’uruhare rwa politiki mpuzamahanga mu kurushaho gukomera kw’ibibazo bya Somalia. Bimwe mu bihugu bifite inyungu mu gace ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba byagiye bifasha imitwe y’inyeshyamba mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa binyuze mu bigo by’ubucuruzi. Inyeshyamba zimwe zinakuramo amafaranga binyuze mu kwiba umutungo kamere, cyane cyane zahabu, ndetse no kuranguza ibiyobyabwenge birimo heroin, bigacishwa mu Nyanja y’Abahinde.

Nubwo hari ibikorwa bike bigaragara byo kugarura amahoro, haracyari inzitizi nyinshi mu nzira y’ituze rirambye. Ubufatanye hagati ya leta ya Somalia, imiryango mpuzamahanga n’ibihugu by’abaturanyi ni bwo bushobora gutanga umuti urambye. Hatabayeho gushyira imbere inyungu z’abaturage no guha agaciro ubuzima bw’umuntu, ibyago ni uko Somalia izakomeza kuba mu bibazo by’uruhu n’uruhande, kandi abaturage bakomeza guhunga, bigateza umutekano muke mu karere kose.

Umwe mu bantu bakorera muri Save the Children mu Mujyi wa Kismayo yagize ati: “Iyi ni inkuru mbi itagira igihe ntangiriro cyangwa iherezo. Abana bo muri Somalia bavuka mu ntambara, bakarira mu ntambara, bakarererwa mu mpunzi, ntibamenya amahoro. Tugomba gukora ibishoboka byose ngo ibyo bihinduke.”