Mu mateka y’isi, Bibiliya ni kimwe mu bitabo byahinduye ubuzima bwa benshi, igaha abantu ubuyobozi bw’imyemerere n’imigenzo y’imibereho. Ariko se, Bibiliya twasomye uyu munsi, ni yo yanditswe mu ntangiriro? Ese hari abayihinduye ku nyungu zabo?

Iki kibazo kimaze imyaka myinshi gitera impaka. Hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko Bibiliya yagiye ihindurwa uko ibihe byahindukaga, igasobanurwa mu buryo bwemewe n’abafite ububasha. Ese izi mpinduka zakozwe ku bw’inyungu za gikirisitu gusa, cyangwa hariho ibihugu n’imbaraga zihishe inyuma y’ibi byose?

UKO BIBILIYA YAGIYE IHINDURWA MU MATEKA

Bibiliya yanditswe mu bihe bitandukanye, mu ndimi zitandukanye. Isezerano rya Kera ryanditswe mu Giheburayo na Arameya, mu gihe Isezerano Rishya ryanditswe mu Kigiriki. Kubera izo ndimi, abahanga n’abanyamadini bagiye bayihindura kugira ngo igere ku bantu benshi.

Gusa, ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko mu bihe bitandukanye, Bibiliya yashyizwemo ibitabo bishya, hakavamo ibindi, ndetse amagambo amwe n’amwe agahinduka.

1. Inama ya Nicaea mu 325 Nyuma ya Yesu

Mu mwaka wa 325 nyuma ya Yesu, Umwami Constantin wa Roma yahamagaje inama ya Council of Nicaea kugira ngo hatoranywe inyandiko zigize Bibiliya. Hari ibitabo byinshi byari bihari, ariko bimwe ntibyashyizwemo. Aha ni ho ibitabo nka Evangelie ya Mariya Magadalena, Igitabo cya Henoki, na Gospel of Thomas byakuwe mu rutonde rwa Bibiliya isanzwe.

Ibi byerekana ko Bibiliya yashyizweho mu buryo bwateguwe, hakurwamo ibitabo bishobora gutanga ubutumwa butandukanye n’ubwo abategetsi ba kiriya gihe bashakaga gukwirakwiza.

2. Ihindurwa rya Bibiliya mu Kilatini – Vulgate

Mu kinyejana cya 4, Umupadiri Saint Jerome yahinduye Bibiliya mu Kilatini, ashyiraho icyitwa Vulgate. Ibi byatumye Kiliziya Gatolika igira ububasha bwo kugenzura uko Bibiliya isobanurwa, kuko Kilatini ari rwo rurimi rwari rwemewe.

Iyi Bibiliya yaciye ukubiri n’uburyo yari yanditse mbere, kuko hari amagambo yahindutse cyangwa akurwamo.

3. Impinduka zo Mu Gihe cya Reformasiyo

Mu kinyejana cya 16, abashakashatsi nka Martin Luther na William Tyndale bahindutse intwari mu guhindura Bibiliya mu ndimi z’abantu basanzwe. Gusa, ibi ntibyashimishije abayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika, kuko byafatwaga nko guca inyuma ubutegetsi bw’idini.

Luther yakuye ibitabo bimwe mu Bibiliya y’aba-Protestanti, harimo Macabees, Tobit, na Sirach, avuga ko bidafite igisobanuro gihagije.

Nyuma, Bibiliya yagiye ihindurwa mu ndimi zitandukanye, ariko buri bwoko bwagiye bugira itandukaniro mu mirongo imwe n’imwe, bitewe n’uburyo abahindura bayisobanuraga.

ESE HARI ABAHINDUYE BIBILIYA KU BW’INYUNGU ZABO?

Amateka yerekana ko impamvu zimwe zatumye Bibiliya ihindurwa harimo:

1. Imbaraga za Kiliziya – Kiliziya Gatolika yagenzuraga uko Bibiliya isobanurwa, ndetse ihindura amagambo amwe kugira ngo yirinde impaka.
2. Ubutegetsi bw’Ibihugu Bikomeye – Abami n’abategetsi b’ibihugu by’i Burayi bagiye bahitamo uko Bibiliya isobanurwa kugira ngo igumane ubutegetsi bwabo.
3. Ihinduka ry’indimi – Kubera uko indimi zahindukaga, amagambo amwe yasobanuwe ukundi. Urugero, mu King James Version (1611), hari aho bavuze “Lucifer” mu gihe mu nyandiko za mbere iyo nyito itabagamo.
4. Kwihutisha iyamamaza ry’Ubukristo – Mu gihe ubukristo bwakwirakwizwaga, abantu bageragezaga kuvuga Bibiliya mu buryo bworoheje kugira ngo abantu bose bemere iyobokamana.

URUGERO RWA BIBILIYA YAHINDUTSE

Matayo 18:11

• King James Version (KJV): “For the Son of man is come to save that which was lost.”
• New International Version (NIV): Uyu murongo wakuweho muri NIV.

Luka 11:2 (Isengesho rya Dawe uri mu Ijuru)

• King James Version: “Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, as in heaven, so in earth.”
• NIV: “Father, hallowed be your name, your kingdom come.”
  (Ibice bimwe bikurwamo)

Ibi byose bigaragaza ko hari impamvu zitandukanye zatumye Bibiliya ihindurwa uko imyaka yagiye ishir

Bibiliya yahinduwe inshuro nyinshi bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye. Hari impamvu zimwe zatwaye igice kimwe cy’amateka yayo, zikuyeho ibitabo bimwe, ndetse zituma amagambo amwe asobanurwa mu buryo butandukanye.

Ese ibi bivuze ko Bibiliya itari ukuri? Oya. Ahubwo, bivuze ko ari ngombwa kugira ubushishozi no kumenya amateka yayo kugira ngo dusobanukirwe neza.

Ese wigeze utekereza kuri izi mpinduka? Ni iyihe Bibiliya wemera ko ifite ukuri?